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Citation Guides: Citing AI

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Resource Guide

Generative AI is a type of artificial intelligence (AI) that uses machine learning algorithms to produce or remix content based on prompts inputted by the user. It is a rapidly evolving technology that impacts the way we create content and solve problems. Some well-known tools include the text generators ChatGPT and Google's Gemini (was Bard), and the image generators DALL-E 2 and Midjourney.

When you are using these tools, it is important to think critically and evaluate the reliability, accuracy and context of the content generated. 


When should I cite my use of AI tools?

Check with your instructor before using AI for coursework. Be honest about your use of AI tools. Since AI tools cannot be considered an author (established by Thaler v. Perlmutter on August 18, 2023), they should not be considered a source. Instead, they are generally considered a collaborator. When using these tools, it is important to think critically and evaluate the reliability, accuracy and context of the content generated. 

Therefore, you should cite AI tools when they are used to:

  • Gather information
  • Write text
  • Edit Text
  • Synthesize ideas or find connections
  • Clean/manipulate data

What elements do I need for a citation?

For most AI tools, you should collect the following elements for citation:

  • Tool name and version (e.g., ChatGPT 3.5, Grammarly, etc.)
  • Time and date of usage
  • Prompt or query
  • Response
  • Follow up queries and responses
  • Name of person who queried

How do I cite AI?

Below is the current guidance from MLA, APA, and Chicago Style Manuals as of January 2024.  

This site has adapted content from Butler and Boston College.